The fundamental difference between federal and unitary governments lies in power distribution. In a federal system, power is constitutionally divided and shared between a central authority and constituent regional units (states/provinces). Both levels operate autonomously, with distinct, constitutionally granted jurisdictions. Citizens are subject to two government levels, neither unilaterally altering the other's powers, promoting local self-governance and regional diversity. India exemplifies this; its Constitution demarcates powers between Union and State governments via lists (Union, State, Concurrent). Conversely, in a unitary system, all governmental power vests in a single, central authority. Regional or local governments, if they exist, derive and can have their powers altered or withdrawn by the central government. This leads to centralized decision-making and uniformity. The United Kingdom is a prime example, where ultimate political authority rests with the Westminster Parliament, despite devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.