Political parties are central to democracy, performing vital functions. Firstly, they contest elections by nominating candidates, mobilizing voters, and offering policy choices. Secondly, the winning party or coalition forms and runs the government, implementing its programs. Thirdly, parties formulate policies and laws, debating issues and translating public opinions into legislation, shaping national direction. Fourthly, they shape public opinion by raising issues, criticizing government actions (as opposition), and educating the electorate. Fifthly, parties act as a crucial link between citizens and government, facilitating access to schemes and addressing grievances. Sixthly, the opposition scrutinizes the ruling government, holding it accountable. Finally, parties provide a channel for political participation, enabling citizens to engage and express preferences, making democracy responsive.