What are the various challenges faced by political parties?

Model Answer & Options

Source: Textbook

Parties face several challenges: 1) Lack of internal democracy – few leaders dominate decisions; 2) Dynastic succession – leadership passes within families; 3) Use of money and muscle power; 4) Lack of meaningful choice – parties often offer similar policies; 5) Corruption and criminalization. These issues reduce public trust and democratic quality. Reforms and public pressure are needed to overcome these problems.

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