Source: Extra Practice

In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as taking apple juice, 150 as taking orange juice, and 75 were listed as taking both. How many students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice?

Options

Option A is correct

225

Option B

175

Option C

150

Option D

250

Explanation

Let UU be the universal set of students, AA be the set of students taking apple juice, and OO be the set of students taking orange juice. We are given n(U)=400n(U) = 400, n(A)=100n(A) = 100, n(O)=150n(O) = 150, and n(AO)=75n(A \cap O) = 75. According to the principle of inclusion-exclusion, the number of students taking at least one juice is n(AO)=n(A)+n(O)n(AO)=100+15075=175n(A \cup O) = n(A) + n(O) - n(A \cap O) = 100 + 150 - 75 = 175. The number of students taking neither juice is the complement of the union, n(AO)=n((AO))=n(U)n(AO)=400175=225n(A' \cap O') = n((A \cup O)') = n(U) - n(A \cup O) = 400 - 175 = 225. Option 2 is the number of students taking at least one juice. Option 3 and 4 represent common calculation errors such as neglecting the intersection or subtracting from a different base.