Industrial effluents, which are liquid waste discharged from industries, often contain a variety of organic and inorganic chemical pollutants. When these are released into rivers, lakes, and other water bodies without adequate treatment, they directly contaminate the water, leading to water pollution. Air pollution relates to contaminants in the atmosphere, noise pollution to excessive sound, and thermal pollution to the discharge of hot water, which, while also a type of water pollution, is specific to temperature changes, whereas 'organic and inorganic pollutants' broadly covers chemical contamination.