Source: Extra Practice

Explain how convection currents are formed in the air above the land during the day, leading to the formation of sea breezes.

Model Answer

During the day, the sun's radiation heats the land more rapidly than the water. The land transfers this heat to the air directly above it through conduction. This warmed air becomes lighter and less dense, causing it to rise. As this warm air rises, cooler, denser air from over the sea moves in towards the land to replace it. This continuous cycle of warm air rising and cool air moving in creates a convection current, which we experience as a sea breeze.

Explanation

Graded on: Explaining land heating faster (due to solar radiation and conduction), air above land warming, warm air rising (density change), cooler air moving in from sea, and identifying it as a convection current.