Why do places like Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) experience very hot days and very cold nights, while coastal cities like Mumbai have a more moderate climate throughout the year?
The significant difference in climate between Jaisalmer and Mumbai is primarily due to their geographical location and proximity to the sea. Jaisalmer is located deep inland, far away from the moderating influence of the ocean. Land heats up and cools down much faster than water. During the day, the desert sand heats up rapidly, causing very high temperatures. At night, it radiates heat quickly, leading to a drastic drop in temperature. Mumbai, being a coastal city, experiences the moderating effect of the sea. The sea breezes prevent extreme temperature fluctuations, making both days and nights more temperate. This phenomenon is known as the maritime effect.
Explanation
Key points should include: Jaisalmer's inland location (continental effect), land heating/cooling faster than water, Mumbai's coastal location (maritime effect), the moderating influence of the sea, and sea breezes.