Source: Textbook

Write a brief note about any one traditional method of building dams and irrigation works.

Model Answer

One of the most ingenious traditional irrigation methods is the system of Kuhls found in the hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh. A Kuhl is a diversion channel that taps water from a glacier or stream and carries it over long distances to irrigate fields in downstream villages. The system is managed by the community. A temporary headwall, often made of river boulders, is built across a stream to divert water into the channel. The community collectively maintains the Kuhl, clearing silt and repairing damages. This system is a remarkable example of community-managed, gravity-based irrigation that has sustained agriculture in mountainous terrain for centuries.