In recent times, heavy monsoon rainfall has caused devastating floods across various parts of India. States like Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand have witnessed catastrophic flash floods and landslides, where intense cloudbursts have caused rivers like the Beas and Alaknanda to swell dangerously, washing away roads, bridges, and homes. In the plains, states like Assam frequently experience widespread flooding from the Brahmaputra river, displacing millions and submerging vast tracts of agricultural land. Similarly, heavy downpours have led to urban flooding in major cities, highlighting the challenges of managing extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change and unplanned development.