Source: Extra Practice

The locus of the point from which tangents to the circle x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2 include an angle of 60∘60^\circ is:

Options

Option A

x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2

Option B

x2+y2=2a2x^2+y^2=2a^2

Option C

x2+y2=3a2x^2+y^2=3a^2

Option D is correct

x2+y2=4a2x^2+y^2=4a^2

Explanation

Let (h,k)(h,k) be an external point from which tangents are drawn to the circle x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2. The center of this circle is O=(0,0)O=(0,0) and its radius is aa. Let the angle between the tangents be α=60∘\alpha = 60^\circ. The angle between the line segment from the external point to the center (d=h2+k2d = \sqrt{h^2+k^2}) and one of the tangents is α/2=30∘\alpha/2 = 30^\circ. In the right-angled triangle formed by the center, the external point, and the point of tangency, we have sin⁡(α/2)=radiusdistance from center to external point\sin(\alpha/2) = \frac{\text{radius}}{\text{distance from center to external point}}. So, sin⁡(30∘)=ah2+k2\sin(30^\circ) = \frac{a}{\sqrt{h^2+k^2}}. Since sin⁡(30∘)=1/2\sin(30^\circ) = 1/2, we have 1/2=ah2+k21/2 = \frac{a}{\sqrt{h^2+k^2}}. Squaring both sides and cross-multiplying, we get h2+k2=2a⇒h2+k2=(2a)2=4a2\sqrt{h^2+k^2} = 2a \Rightarrow h^2+k^2 = (2a)^2 = 4a^2. Replacing (h,k)(h,k) with (x,y)(x,y), the locus is x2+y2=4a2x^2+y^2=4a^2. This is the director circle for tangents subtending a 60∘60^\circ angle.