Source: Extra Practice

The angle between the two circles S1:x2+y2=25S_1: x^2+y^2=25 and S2:x2+y2−8x−6y+21=0S_2: x^2+y^2-8x-6y+21=0 is:

Options

Option A is correct

cos⁡−1(15)\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)

Option B

cos⁡−1(25)\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)

Option C

cos⁡−1(35)\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)

Option D

cos⁡−1(45)\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)

Explanation

For the first circle S1:x2+y2=25S_1: x^2+y^2=25: its center is C1=(0,0)C_1=(0,0) and its radius is r1=5r_1=5. For the second circle S2:x2+y2−8x−6y+21=0S_2: x^2+y^2-8x-6y+21=0: its center is C2=(−(−8)/2,−(−6)/2)=(4,3)C_2=(-(-8)/2, -(-6)/2)=(4,3). Its radius is r2=42+32−21=16+9−21=25−21=4=2r_2 = \sqrt{4^2+3^2-21} = \sqrt{16+9-21} = \sqrt{25-21} = \sqrt{4}=2. The distance between the centers d=C1C2=(4−0)2+(3−0)2=16+9=25=5d = C_1C_2 = \sqrt{(4-0)^2+(3-0)^2} = \sqrt{16+9} = \sqrt{25}=5. To check if the circles intersect, we compare dd with r1+r2r_1+r_2 and ∣r1−r2∣|r_1-r_2|. r1+r2=5+2=7r_1+r_2 = 5+2=7. ∣r1−r2∣=∣5−2∣=3|r_1-r_2| = |5-2|=3. Since ∣r1−r2∣<d<r1+r2|r_1-r_2| < d < r_1+r_2 (i.e., 3<5<73 < 5 < 7), the circles intersect. The angle θ\theta between two intersecting circles is given by the formula cos⁡θ=r12+r22−d22r1r2\cos\theta = \frac{r_1^2+r_2^2-d^2}{2r_1r_2}. Substituting the values: cos⁡θ=52+22−522(5)(2)=25+4−2520=420=15\cos\theta = \frac{5^2+2^2-5^2}{2(5)(2)} = \frac{25+4-25}{20} = \frac{4}{20} = \frac{1}{5}. Therefore, the angle between the circles is θ=cos⁡−1(15)\theta = \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{5}\right).